Everything in The Vault

The Break Had a Location: Clock Theory and the Mark That Made the Break Repeatable
The Break Had a Location: Clock Theory and the Mark That Made the Break Repeatable
Today a DJ taps a cue button and the track jumps to the exact spot. In the mid-1970s Bronx there was no screen and no button. There was a record,... Read more...
Older Than the Mic: The Dozens and the Oldest Battle in Hip-Hop
Older Than the Mic: The Dozens and the Oldest Battle in Hip-Hop
You’ve watched someone get cooked. A shot, a reaction, a comeback or a loss, in front of everyone. It feels like an internet game. It was in print by 1921,... Read more...
The W 183rd Street sign in Washington Heights — the street number TAKI 183 wrote across New York.
The Name Before the Username
You picked a name that isn't the one you were given. You use it in places where the given one would mean less. You have been building it for years,... Read more...
125th Street between Madison and Fifth Avenues, Harlem — the block where Dapper Dan's Boutique operated from 1982 to 1992.
Cut on 125th Street: Dapper Dan and Who Owns a Look
For ten years there was a shop on 125th Street that sold clothes the luxury houses had never made. Not copies of their bags — garments those houses would never... Read more...
A cassette tape with a hand-written label — the format hip-hop circulated on before there was a record industry for it.
Dubbed, Not Released: The Tape Economy Before the Record Deal
On July 3, 1981, two crews battled at Harlem World for a thousand dollars. Somebody recorded it. The tape moved hand to hand until people who had never been to... Read more...
Two identical copies of the same record, side by side — the purchase that made the merry-go-round possible
The Merry-Go-Round: How Two Copies of One Record Made the Loop
Every producer loops. You take four bars and you make them last as long as the song needs. The technique is fifty years old, it was invented on two turntables... Read more...
A diagram of four bars showing rhymes placed on the beat and at the end of the line, against rhymes placed inside the bar and across the bar line.
Off the Beat: How Rakim Rebuilt the Way MCs Deliver
Find your flow. Get in a flow. I like his flow. The word has escaped into ordinary speech as a feeling — a state you fall into when the work... Read more...
The Trains Were the Distribution
The Trains Were the Distribution
Work made in a Bronx layup at three in the morning was in Brooklyn by eight, in front of people who never chose to see it. For about eighteen years... Read more...
The Subway Era: When Trains Were Galleries
The Subway Era: When Trains Were Galleries
For about a decade, New York had a public art institution with no curator, no admission and no fixed address. It ran on rails, it came to your platform whether... Read more...
A breaker mid-footwork, shot from overhead — hands supporting the body while the legs trace a circular pattern.
Footwork: The Foundation Beneath Foundation
Breaking's foundation is toprock, footwork, freezes and power. Inside that foundation there is one thing everything else is built on: the floor patterns. The six-step is a circle — six... Read more...
A microphone shot against black — the freestyle happens once, with no second take.
Freestyle: The Art of Improvisation
"Freestyle" used to mean something else. It meant a written rhyme about nothing in particular — free of subject, not free of paper. The word got taken, the meaning moved,... Read more...
Two copies of the same record cued on two turntables — the setup behind the merry-go-round.
The Break: Where Hip-Hop Began
Every record has a passage where the melody drops out and the drums carry alone. On most records it lasts about fifteen seconds. A Bronx teenager bought two copies of... Read more...
The uptown platform at 149th Street–Grand Concourse in the Bronx, site of the Writers' Bench.
The Writers' Bench: 149th Street and the Culture of Benching
For fifteen years, the most important room in graffiti was a bench at the back of a Bronx subway platform. Writers gathered at 149th Street and Grand Concourse to watch... Read more...
A 2 train entering a Bronx station on the IRT White Plains Road line.
The 2 and the 5: How Writers Chose Their Lines
Writers didn't paint whatever train showed up. Line choice was strategy — routing, car surfaces, which yards fed which service, and above all who would see it. Here's how the... Read more...
Subway cars parked at an above-ground layup in the Bronx.
Layups and Yards: Where the Work Actually Happened
The trains people photographed were painted somewhere nobody photographed — parked in tunnels and yards, in the dark, next to six hundred volts. The difference between a layup and a... Read more...
A clean stainless-steel New York subway car, the fleet condition the MTA declared achieved on May 12, 1989.
May 12, 1989: The Day the Trains Went Clean
For seventeen years New York threw everything it had at subway graffiti and lost. Then someone stopped trying to catch writers and started refusing to run the trains. What the... Read more...
Wildstyle streetscape in NYC
All City: The Tag and the Pursuit of Fame
Getting up means your name is seen. All city means it's seen everywhere. On why the subway was the point, the difference between quantity and style, and what writers were... Read more...
A circle of people gathered around an open space at a breaking jam.
The Cypher: Rules of the Circle
Nobody posts the rules of the cypher and everybody knows them. On entering with purpose, why biting is the worst thing you can do, and why going last is the... Read more...
A microphone resting on an open notebook of handwritten lyrics.
Earn the Mic: How the MC Became Hip-Hop's Voice
The MC started as the DJ's support act and ended up carrying the culture. On the job that got invented in public, the first rap hit that was taken from... Read more...
Hands flipping through a crate of vinyl records.
Crate Digging: The Art of Finding Sound
Before the DJ could play it first, somebody had to find it. On soaked-off labels, the records that built hip-hop, and what the culture owes the drummers nobody paid. Read more...
BX Originals 808 Drum Machine Snapback Hat resting on a Roland TR-808
The 808: The Machine That Changed the Sound
Roland's TR-808 was a commercial failure built around deliberately faulty transistors, dumped cheap on the used market, and picked up by people with no budget. It became the low end... Read more...
BX Originals 1200 Turntable Snapback Hat on a Technics turntable platter.
The Technics 1200: The Instrument That Defined a Culture
Matsushita built it in 1972 for people who wanted better sound in their living rooms. DJs found it, broke it in ways the engineers never planned for, and made it... Read more...
"Herc on the Wheels of Steel" by Bigtimepeace / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
DJ Kool Herc: The Father of Hip-Hop
Clive Campbell brought a Jamaican sound system tradition to the Bronx, extended a fifteen-second drum break into forever, and named the dancers who moved to it. Then hip-hop got rich... Read more...
1520 Sedgwick Avenue: Where Hip-Hop Began
1520 Sedgwick Avenue: Where Hip-Hop Began
An ordinary apartment building in the West Bronx, a rec room rented for twenty-five dollars, and a back-to-school party on August 11, 1973. What happened there, and what happened to... Read more...
Four hip-hop elements represented on BX Originals caps — Selector, Emcee, Breaker, Writer.
The Four Elements: Understanding Hip-Hop's Foundation
Hip-hop was never only music. It arrived as four disciplines: DJing, MCing, breaking, and graffiti; built in the same borough by the same people at the same time. Here's how... Read more...